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John Lounsbery animates Gideon and Honest John

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I had long thought that animator Norm Ferguson was responsible for animating this scene which features the fox and the cat from Pinocchio. But the film's draft states clearly that this is the work of John Lounsbery. 
Gideon is trying desperately to free Honest John from the awkward predicament he had put the fox in. The scene description in the draft goes like this:
EXT. CU - CAT biting fingernails - timidly reaches up -  lifts lid of hat - Fox yells: "GET ME OUT OF HERE!"  Cat scared, closes lid of hat - pats it - then gets brilliant idea.

That's pretty much the way Lounsbery animated the scene, except for patting the hat's lid after closing it. Gideon is a mute character, but his acting and body language can be very broad. He reminds me of a vaudeville performer. 
Here are a few of Lounsbery's terrific animation roughs for Seq. 3, Sc. 45.2.  















A maquette of Gideon from Joe Grant's model department.



A couple of revised model sheets, probably drawn by an artist from the model department.




Norm Ferguson was a sequence director on Pinocchio. He was already a senior animator, and part of his job was to pass on his knowledge to kids like Lounsbery, Milt Kahl, Frank & Ollie and all the others who much later would be part of the Nine Old Men's Club. Walt Disney loved the loose quality in his animation and encouraged everybody to try the "Fergy" method, because in his scenes the characters truly came to life. Ferguson not only animated scenes with Gideon and the fox, but also laid out poses and acting business for other animators.





Heinrich Kley Color Sketch

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This is a stunning watercolor study by German artist Heinrich Kley (1863 - 1945).
Many of you are familiar with his lively, satirical black and white pen and ink drawings of anthropomorphic animals and people. But Kley also did a ton of color work in his lifetime.
This scene depicts a moment from some kind of Wagner like opera backstage.
The central figure is a woman on a white horse, then there are guards, musicians and even a tiger in the lower left corner. 
To me this is an impressionistic masterpiece. The use of light is so bold and unusual, and I love the blend of warm and cool tones. This piece is not signed, but dated February 1905.
It measures 10.5 x 6". I purchased it years ago in Munich from Kley's estate.

Feast your eyes!

Milt Kahl's Robin Hood

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Milt did this appealing drawing of Robin for a certain Leonard at a time when he had just about finished animating on the movie. I just love the fact that Milt drew anthropomorphic characters like these with a total respect for anatomy, human and animal wise.
Another piece I picked up at auction years ago.

The following sketches demonstrate how Milt's drawing style not only influenced the look of the film's character designs, but also other animators' work.
Ollie Johnston animated this scene with Little John, who is about to scratch his back with an arrow. Milt didn't change Ollie's pose, he just tried to make the drawing look more solid by establishing a few straight lines which define positive planes on the bear's body.



These drawings of Otto were done for animator John Lounsbery. It's kind of a complex staging issue. A dog walking like a human with a crutch, wearing an apron, one leg in a cast while holding a sac with coins.  





Milt keyed this Frank Thomas scene with Skippy, who hesitantly comes forward from behind a tree as he tries to retrieve his arrow. I remember discussing the first drawing with Frank. I mentioned that I thought this is a great pose to start the forward motion from. Frank agreed.



There are two versions of this pose, I like them both.





The Sheriff of Nottingham is taking Friar Tuck into custody. I don't know who animated the scene, but this beautiful staging sketch surely helped to clearly communicate the emotional state of both characters.


More Busch Circus Sketches

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Each time I turn to works by Wilhelm M. Busch I get inspired. He takes "on the spot drawing" to another level. Raw, intuitive, masterful sketches. 
Beautifully observed moments put down on paper in seconds. An artist who never made an ordinary drawing, he saw something unique in almost everything.







3 x Ward Kimball

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A great snapshot of Walt stopping by Ward's office around the time of The Three Caballeros.
Kimball seems to be saying: "Just to let you know, Walt, I'm going to go a little crazy with this sequence."

Ward is about to sign his sketch of Luzifer, which was part of several collages I had put together to decorate the second floor of the animation building in the late 1990s.



Kimball's archive at home. Boxes and files full of clippings from magazines and other sources.
I am not surprised that he collected T. S. Sullivant images. 
If I am not mistaken, one box is labelled Nice Ward Kimball Fan Mail. 

This photo was taken during my last visit to see Ward in 2002.
More on that visit here:
http://andreasdeja.blogspot.com/2013/07/the-last-time-i-saw-kimball.html


Don't mess with Medusa

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Medusa is threatening Snoops and Penny in this scene toward the end of the film The Rescuers, (obviously) animated by Milt Kahl.
Geraldine Page's line is: "(If either of you try to) follow me, you get blasted!"
She is such a great character for studying dialogue. Her design is pretty much a caricature of an "over the hill" type, but her lip movements  and mouth shapes are drawn fairly realistically. Teeth, gum and lips are carefully designed, unlike some characters in films I worked on, where inter locked teeth were often drawn with a non-descriptive zig-zag line.
Her squinty eyes make her look extremely mad (# 55 would be my favorite expression), and I love the way Medusa leans into camera. Her head shake on "blasted" is very appropriate here. ( Milt had a tendency to overuse head shakes and nods starting in the early 1960s, but more on that later.)

You can tell that Milt had a grand time bringing this character to life.



















Head Shakes and Nods

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I am without tech help for a few days, so perhaps I can elaborate a bit on a point I brought up in my previous post. Let's say you are about to animate a scene in which the character says; "I don't know."
It would be more than tempting to shake the head during dialogue, after all, the words express a negative statement.
The good news is that by using a shake, it will add some life to the scene, providing it is well timed and the head turns correctly in perspective. When animating on 2s, you only need one in-between that favors one if the two extremes (I usually favor the most recent extreme.)
The bad news is that you don't necessarily get any personality by applying this. It is such a common and non descriptive piece of acting, and not a character specific motion.
The same can be said for the head nodding. The dialogue might be: "Oh yes, I know." If Mama Odie would nod, I'd get a nice squash and stretch in her neck area. Tempting…tempting!
I remember starting way back on my first scenes for The Black Cauldron. Many times I had no clue what a good acting pattern would be for specific scenes with Taran or Eilonwy. So…I nodded and shook their heads because I couldn't come up with anything better for them to do.
One particular scene involved Eilonwy telling Taran: "You're so boring!" I animated a head shake, closed eyes facing downward on "You're so". Then on "boring" I quickly tilted her head upward.
I remembered Medusa doing a thing like this in one of her scenes. Veteran effects animator Jack Boyd commented on my pencil test: "This kid animates like Milt Kahl".
Of course I felt like a million bucks, but there is a real problem in all of this.
Eilonwy is not Medusa, and therefor should act completely differently according to her own personality. My Eilonwy scene would call for much deeper analysis in order to communicate something unique about her. She is addressing Taran and accusing him of being a boring person, how would she REALLY act out her frustration…forget the bloody head shakes! She might point her finger at him, roll her eyes (good one) or even push him.
I blame my bad acting choices on inexperience and my infatuation with Milt's work.

So, let's talk about Milt. I encourage all of you to re-watch the sequence from Sword in the Stone, when Wart falls off a tree and right into Merlin's living quarters. Ollie Johnston animated a few scenes before Milt takes over…and the sequence becomes a festival of head shakes and nods.
Wart says: "You mean you can see everything before it happens?" Merlin: "Yes, everything!" etc.
Even Archimedes shakes his head as he asks: "Ah, ah, ah Merlin, everything?"
It goes on and on, a missed opportunity to introduce these two characters with more depth.

Of course Milt didn't always fall back on these formulas. Roger and Anita in 101 Dalmatians work just fine, and his animation of Bagheera and Shere Khan shows more sophisticated acting choices.
Then again, Edgar, the butler in The Aristocats shakes and nods his head a lot , and so do the characters he animated in Robin Hood. Madame Medusa comes off pretty good, her head is certainly holding still
when she removes her false eye lashes (which helped to make this one of the most innovative, original scenes ever).

Frank, Ollie, Marc and all the others animated head shakes and nods too, just more selectively, when they felt it was appropriate.

It's good to know that this crutch is available to you. If you absolutely can't come up with a unique acting pattern because of deadlines or whatever, go ahead and shake or nod.
But keep in mind that there probably is a more interesting way to act out your character's emotions.

The Queen of Hearts

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A great back view of this hearty Queen drawn by Frank Thomas. Wonderful pose, as she anticipates a croquet kick with a flamingo. Look at the dimensional quality in the drawing.
Frank handled most of her footage in the film Alice in Wonderland, Eric Larson also drew a few scenes. She is brilliantly voiced by Verna Felton, and as a comic villain, who is bad tempered and abrasive she is a pure delight to watch. The way Frank animated her constant mood swings is just sensational.

I don't know who portrayed the Queen for live action reference, but these photo stats just crack me up. 




A concept sketch by David Hall.



Mary Blair's ideas for color and staging of the Trial Sequence.



An Eric Larson animation rough.



The final clean up model sheet shows moments from Frank's rich personality animation. The heart theme sure is dominant in her design, pretty darn clever!



Centaur Family

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…is the title of this stunning drawing by Heinrich Kley.
Here again he succeeds in making an impossible fantasy situation look believable.
The man was obsessed with anatomical accuracy (as was TS Sullivant).
It's wonderful to see these centaurs in a casual family setting, a snapshot of a typical Sunday afternoon.
The addition of the tree helps to create a harmonious circular composition.

I usually prefer Kley's sketchier drawings, but this piece just floors me.

To see a very different scene with centaurs by Kley go to this previous post:
http://andreasdeja.blogspot.com/2012/09/battle-of-centaurs.html

Trigger Happy

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Ken Anderson drew these story sketches for a scene which appears toward the end of the film Robin Hood. The Sheriff of Nottingham has just made himself comfortable as he guards the town jail, when his vulture guard Trigger approaches and clumsily misfires an arrow from his crossbow.
The Sheriff tries his best to avoid the rebounding bolt.





John Lounsbery ended up animating this scene, but not before drawing virtuoso Milt Kahl gave him a few solid poses that show the panic stricken wolf in various positions.
These drawings are phenomenal, put down on paper in seconds with the sharpest pencil in the West. There is plenty to admire, for example I love the way Milt defines form on the lower arms by the way he angles the sleeve line. 

Beautiful, contrasting shapes throughout the figure! 





Happy Holidays

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I want to take a moment and wish everybody Happy Holidays and a great 2014.

It's been an interesting year for me. With the help of good friends the story for my film "Mushka" came together beautifully. I am beyond passionate about this project, even though occasionally I wonder if I should have chosen a shorter film for the start of my post Disney years. Too late now, the thing has momentum, and I hope to get most of the animation done next year. 
The first three sequences are in great animatic shape, with camera moves, temp voices and music.
The rest of the film has been storyboarded, but needs to be brought to that level. I have animated a handful of scenes, and it's pure joy to see things come to life.
At the moment I am taking a break from Mushka in order to meet deadlines on a book project, which is also coming along well.

Wether you are an animation student or a professional working in pencil animation, cg or stop motion, I wish that in 2014 your work will take you to new creative heights. 

The medium is overdue for artistic breakthroughs. Exciting times!!

Holiday Greetings from Walt Disney Productions

Goofy Pencil Tests

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The Goofy short "How to hook up your Home Theatre" was released in December of 2007. If you missed it you can watch it right here at Disney.com (not sure if the aspect ratio is correct, it looks a little narrow):


We had a blast animating this six minute tribute to the old "How to…" Goofy shorts.
It was directed by Stevie Wermers and Kevin Deters and animated by Dale Baer, Eric Goldberg, Mark Henn, Randy Haycock, Alex Kupershmidt and myself. 
It was produced in no time and turned out to be one of my favorite shorts I worked on, Runway Brain would be another one.
Here are a few pencil tests of some of my scenes. The first shot shows Goofy trying to open a monster cable box. It was animated from personal experience. A while back I tried to rip one of those boxes open and almost broke my hand… 



TS Sullivant 9

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Another round of Sullivant eye candy! 
A while back there was supposed to be a book published with his work.
Unfortunately that never happened, so I hope that these occasional posts will help satisfy the appetite of Sullivant fans everywhere. 









Classic Animation Roughs

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To close out the year I picked animation roughs from Walt Disney's animators, one drawing per artist. The Mickey drawing above is by Les Clark.
It's interesting to compare the different styles and approaches. Of course, each animator changed his way of drawing over the years, as the Disney style changed, too. 
Some of them welcomed the graphic change that transformed the look of Disney animation in the mid 1950s, others found themselves struggling with these modern looking designs. In the end great performances continued all throughout they careers.
They often disagreed on certain character developments, story points or design styles, but when it came to producing a great film, these guys (for the most part) put their egos into their pockets and became team players. Then again Walt Disney had a lot to do with politics not interfering with the film making process.

Happy New Year everybody!


Fred Moore



Woolie Reitherman



Ward Kimball



Milt Kahl



Ollie Johnston



Frank Thomas



John Lounsbery



Marc Davis



Eric Larson



John Sibley



Bill Tytla


Milt Kahl's First Shere Khan Scene

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This scene is at the beginning of a brilliant sequence from The Jungle Book when Shere Khan interrogates Kaa, the python. Milt animated both characters throughout. The moment when the tiger comes around the tree was the first production scene of him, and it's a beauty!
"It's me, Shere Khan. I'd like a word with you, if you don't mind", he tells Kaa ever so politely. No live action reference here, this came out of Milt's head. He said in an interview: " I learned so much about tigers by studying them that I didn't have to rely on any life action crutch." 
Great perspective walk, and I love the way the tiger lies down, upper body first, then the rear. The way he moves those front feet is worth studying alone. Such great anatomy.
The last pose holds for a while, and Milt kept it alive by adding a few eye blinks on a different level. 

By the way, Walt Disney did see the whole sequence in pencil test before he died. Milt said that Walt liked it and approved it.

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The final pose was inspired by a Ken Anderson design sketch, which was inspired by a Bill Peet drawing of the much cartoonier tiger from the 1945 Goofy short "Tiger Trouble". Milt animated that tiger as well…brilliantly.




In case you missed this earlier post, here is a great pencil test of Shere Khan stalking:


Miscellaneous Lilo Stuff

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Before starting on production animation with Lilo, I did this little test scene. Chris Sanders' design of her was unique in that her proportions resemble those of a baby's body. I wanted to find out how I could  bring little girl attitudes and poses to that concept. 
Lilo sits bored at a table when she notices a flower on the floor. She slides down a high chair, picks up the flower and puts it on her head. It was fun to do, but quite a few more graphic refinements needed to be made before she could appear in the film.





This was the toughest scene to animate. Chris had done these emotional story sketches. They looked so right on, I didn't know what else to bring to this moment. Lilo asked Stitch about his family and his dreams. She is trying to understand (and forgive) his rough, unfriendly nature.
One of those scenes that got to me.






And this is what happens when two characters from different worlds meet.
A layout drawing for a birthday card.



Last not least a beautiful pre-production watercolor painting by background artist Peter Moehrle.


Tinker Bell drawn by Milt Kahl

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We all know that Tinker Bell is primarily the creation of Marc Davis. But several other artists explored her character's design as well, including story men like J.P.Miller and Joe Rinaldi.
Milt Kahl drew these poses based on earlier research, and the only differences to the final model I can detect have to do with her hair style and the length of her legs. They are drawn a little shorter in this version.

Marc's definitive model sheet of Tinker Bell shows perfect proportions in her figure as well as her face. By drawing the mouth so low she instantly looks younger and less realistic. The round cheeks add to her pixie appearance, and the lines defining her legs are elegant s-curves. 
A mute character, but so full of life.


Marc's clean up assistant on Tinker Bell was Claire Weeks. He was able to maintain the delicate accuracy found in Marc's rough animation drawings, as you can see in these clean ups.



Milt Kahl's assistant Stan Green told me once that he considered Weeks' work too perfect, almost sterile. I don't know about Stan's statement, after all his boss wouldn't pass anything that wasn't perfection. Professional jealousy, I guess.
A beautiful cel set up with Think at the window sill.


More on Tinker Bell here:

and here:
http://andreasdeja.blogspot.com/2013/10/tinker-bell-gets-her-own-book.html

Iwao Takamoto

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Iwao Takamoto was an outstanding draughtsman and designer, who worked in the animation industry for decades. This photo shows him in 1945, when he just got hired by Disney Studios.
He eventually became Milt Kahl's clean up assistant, and keyed characters like Slue Foot Sue, Brom Bones, the King and Duke from Cinderella and Lady from Lady & the Tramp. During the production of Sleeping Beauty Iwao worked for Marc Davis on Aurora. Since Marc initially drew her a bit younger looking, it was up to Iwao to redraw those scenes, so they would be consistent with her final design.
In this scene Aurora is gently pushed out the door by the Three Fairies, who insist that she go into the forest to pick more berries (even though she picked berries only yesterday). I call these drawings super-designs, and Milt's influence is very evident. This is a man in search of graphic perfection.
The way angular lines work against long flowing lines is astonishing. And look at the control he had over that face with all of those subtleties.
 Aurora is holding a basket in her left hand, which would be added by an effects animator.

Iwao left Disney after Sleeping Beauty to join Hanna-Barbera, where he became one of their top designers. He passed away in 2007. His memoirs were published in 2009 and are available here:










Are we all OK with the idea that this kind of integrity and commitment to drawn feature animation is a thing of the past? I am not.

Paul Jouve's Jungle Book

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Paul Jouve illustrated several publications based on Rudyard Kipling's Jungle Book stories. The images shown here are from Le Second Livre de la Jungle, 1919, and they were reproduced surprisingly small. About 4 x 2.5".
I love the striking compositions and powerful poses of the animals. These are engravings, by the way. Jouve, as you can see, was an expert when depicting big cats, so naturally he is currently on my radar, because there is a ton I can learn from this guy. 

Go here for a previous post on the great Paul Jouve:












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