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Ferdinand

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Disney’s short film Ferdinand The Bull from 1938 is one of of a few gems produced at the studio at the hight of its golden age of animation. It is based on the book by Munro Leaf which was published just a couple of years prior to the film’s release. 
A few interesting facts about the production:

Milt Kahl voiced one line of young Ferdinand, when he was a little bull talking to his mother, who was voiced by Walt Disney. Milt animated both characters.

Walt recognized himself being caricatured as the film’e matador, but animator Ward Kimball denied this. 

Ken Anderson used vibrant colors for the film’s backgrounds as an attempt to interpret Spain’s strong sun light with reflecting light bouncing back on to the landscape. Walt was out of town, he had not seen or approved this new colorful art direction. Ken was warned by staffers that Walt would not like these backgrounds at all, since he usually just asked for pale washes behind his film’s characters.
It turns out Walt was  very enthusiastic about Ken’s visuals, silencing critics instantly.

The photo above shows a beautiful maquette from Joe Grant’s model department.

A couple of cels that were recently offered at http://auction.howardlowery.com/Home.taf
What stunning colors.




These model sheets demonstrate how artists tried to gain control over the bull’s anatomy.




An article from Look Magazine tells the film’s story. 




Young Kimball

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Here is Ward, practically as a kid at about twenty-five, animating rich acting scenes with one of his iconic characters Jiminy Cricket. It is astonishing to realize just how young the Disney crew was when the studio produced its early classic films. 
Just look at one of his rough animation drawings. It's solid, full of life, has a ton of flair and that Disney charm. According to Kimball and the other animators it was Walt Disney, who was able to get his artists to this unimaginable level of excellence, and had them do things they didn't know they were capable of doing. Walt's exuberant passion for the animated medium rubbed off on everybody.



Terrific story sketches like this one served as a springboard for great character animation.


Milt Kahl's Great Granddaughter has Talent

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Her name is Zoe, and it sure looks like she inherited some of her great grandfather’s artistic ability.
I met Zoe in April of 2009 when she and her family visited Disney Animation (a day before the Milt Kahl Academy event). At the end of the tour I gave her an oversized stuffed toy of Disney’s Bolt. She loved it.
Later I received a thank you note and this lovely drawing, Zoe was 4 1/2 at the time. 
For a little while we exchanged drawings through the mail, and when I sent her a copy of my animal sketchbook, Zoe created her own and mailed it to me.
What charming drawings, I love the way she paired animals on one page. Beautiful colors, too.





About a week ago Zoe emailed me these more recent drawings, that clearly show her artistic progress at 9 1/2 years old. Her love for animals comes through in these well observed sketches. 
It’s interesting that Zoe also chose a Diet Coke can as a drawing object. It reminds me of art school assignments. Beautifully done. 













I think we can all agree that Zoe has a big future as an artist!
And I know that her Great Grandpa would be very proud.

Goons

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Sleeping Beauty’s Goons have their roots in paintings by Dutch painter Hieronymus Bosch (1450-1516). When I was a kid there was nothing scarier than to look at his pictures depicting visions of hell. Bosch filled his canvas with evil creatures whose anatomy was comprised of various animal and human parts.


Bill Peet and several other Disney artists studied these gruesome figures and used some visual elements in designing Maleficent’s scary, but not so smart henchmen, the Goons.
Peet had a great time researching and boarding sequences that included the Goons. Eventually these Disney versions of Bosch’s monsters were given a comical treatment. They are still repulsive, but not scary enough to give children nightmares.







John Lounsbery animated most of the important scenes involving the Goons, including their pig like leader.








Milt Kahl did this one drawing for John’s scene above, as he tries to strengthen expression and design.



A couple of story sketches for sequence 7.1, scene 14.
The Goon leader reacts to being put on the spot by Maleficent, who wants to know if the gang has looked for Aurora in the town, the forests and the mountains.




Milt Kahl animated this terrific scene as the Goon boss fumbles for an answer:
“Yeah, we searched mountains…and…uh, uh, uh, uh,…forests…and…uh, uh, uh, and houses…du…lemme see…uh, uh…and all the cradles.” 
Beautifully stylized, geometric shapes.









TS Sullivant 10

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My 10th post on the breathtaking art of Mr. Sullivant. who influenced so many artists that followed him, Disney’s animators, Walt Kelly, Ralph Bakshi, to name a few. 
One thing that amazes me is the fact that his characters are so expressive, even when  drawn with relatively small eyes. 

Animation industry: Please take notice! Please! 








Disney Colors

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Traditional animators generally don’t deal a lot with color. We express ourselves with black pencil lines on white paper. That doesn’t mean though that most of us don’t have great appreciation for excellent color, and the way our scenes look like on the screen in finished form.
Some of these images were sold at auctions recently, and they are outstanding examples of Disney’s incredible use of color over the years.
In this Mary Blair sketch of Hook’s pirate ship the muted sky color and the water’s blue and turquoise make the reds pop out dramatically. What a striking painting, you can’t take your eyes off it.

Mary also painted this piece with Alice and the Caterpillar. The palette is much more muted here, mostly shades of blue and pink dominate the scene. I love the reflective light under the mushrooms.



Even softer pastel colors in this lyrical image with Thumper and Bambi, likely painted by Tyrus Wong.
The subtle warm and cool tones offset each other magnificently.



Eyvind Earle painted this concept piece for the short film Pigs is Pigs. The toned down colors in the back compliment the richer tones of the little train station. And those little touches of red add a dynamic element.



Brightly colored characters in front of a dark monochromatic background. 
Professor Owl is mostly a combination of blue tones, the pupil bird is kept in hues of yellow.
These color choices look so simple, yet they were carefully chosen by Eyvind Earle.



This is Danny, the little lamb from the film So Dear to my Heart. What a beautiful combination of muted colors with some wine red to liven up this cel image.



Technicolor splashes on these fast moving flowers from the Nutcracker Suite.
The background is black, which makes the characters read very vividly. An amazing pastel drawing!
I love the sketchy highlights on the Thistle’s leaves.



John Lounsbery’s Willie, the Giant from the film Mickey and the Beanstalk.
His purple and green areas are fairly muted by contrast to his bold red hair. That little eccentric color touch helps to bring out his zany personality.



Very interesting color choices on this cel with the Witch from Snow White. She is basically kept in black & white, that red apple seems to be the only “real” color here. And your eye goes right to it.
Note that the other apples in the basket are dull green and yellow.



Another piece from Mickey and the Beanstalk. I have always loved Disney night skies, and this image is no exception. It’s the ultimate blue! The reflecting moon light gives this sketch just the right touch of realism. 



You would think that so much green in this cel of The Mad Hatter would look overly saturated. But it’s the type of greens together that makes this work. Only his coat is a bright green, the rest is muted. And that turquoise bow gives the outfit a fresh little contrast.



What a dramatic watercolor sketch from Bambi. The black and dark blue tones add to the terrifying mood. Look how effectively the right upper tree catches the lightning’s white. The fleeing deer has plenty of empty space on top, so it doesn’t get lost in the busy composition.



Too much color in this cel set up from Sleeping Beauty? Not at all. The lit, colorful areas are kept in the back while the foreground elements are monochromatic. The animators complained that there was too much going on in the film’s backgrounds. But in the end your eye goes to whatever is moving on the screen. Pretty darn breathtaking!


Walt Stanchfield

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Not many animation artists make good teachers, but Walt Stanchfield was a heck of an inspirational instructor to many folks who worked at Disney during the 1980s and 90s. In his life drawing classes he did not want you to copy the model on paper, he wanted you to interpret the model’s pose for animation. Go further with the body’s rhythm, push the action line, feel the weight.
He frequently went over young artists’ work by helping them to find the essence of a pose, and make a clear, often entertaining statement.
Walt was never one of Disney’s top animators (he did beautiful clean up work for many of the Nine Old Men, before moving into animation in the early 1960s).
In the photo above he is animating Baloo from The Jungle Book as he is chasing King Louie’s monkeys, who just kidnapped Mowgli. It’s a real nice action sequence that shows Walt’s talent as an animator.

We loved Walt’s unconventional classes that differed so much from art school. He would have the model pose for a couple of minutes, and asked the students just to observe, no drawing yet. Then the model would disappear and we were asked to draw the pose from memory. Stuff like that was new and exciting and helped us to approach our drawing and observation skills in a different way.

If you are a student, do yourself the favor and check out Don Hahn’s published notes that Walt used to hand out regularly. His writing is very insightful, it makes you think about making interesting statements through your drawings. There are two volumes:



I was flattered when Walt included some of my animal sketches in one of his handouts.




Heinrich Kley's Reynard, the Fox

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The stories about Reynard the Fox go back hundreds of years. There are French, German and Dutch versions, who all portray the character as somewhat nasty, but also clever and charismatic. He gets into all kinds of trouble,  but usually finds a way to come out on top.

Here are book illustrattions that show how famous German artist Heinrich Kley portrayed Reynard’s world of anthropomorphic animals. It’s interesting to see that most of the characters walk on their toes (instead of their heels like most Disney versions for types like these). It makes it more difficult to show them in natural, balanced poses, but Kley manages pretty well.

The book has no publishing date, but my guess is that these drawings were done sometime around 1920. Gorgeous color work.








Mowgli Studies

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“You eat ants?” Mowgli asks Baloo in disbelief. The scene from the film Jungle Book was animated by Ollie Johnston. Milt Kahl drew this sketch of Mowgli’s face as a suggestion for what the kid’s expression might look like during that line of dialogue. 
I think he nails the idea of the thought “How gross!”
There were other times where Ollie got some help from Milt in depicting Mowgli. At the beginning of the film Bagheera and the boy argue wether Shere Khan presents any real danger. 
“No one explains ANYTHING to Shere Khan!”
“Well, maybe so…but I’m not afraid.” Mowgli responds, as he slowly catches up with the panther. During the scene he throws a stick and kicks the ground. Some live action reference was filmed to help give the scene subtle realism. 
Now, I know that Milt disapproved of the use of live action, but nevertheless he did these beautiful drawings for Ollie that show how Mowgli’s anatomy could be drawn in the most interesting and appealing way.




Later on in the movie Mowgli refuses to be taken to the man village and walks away from Bagheera. He feels completely misunderstood by the panther and wanders through the jungle aimlessly.

Ollie again animated this scene -based on life action-, and again Milt helped out with key drawings that maintain graphic sophistication. The one thing I don’t know is wether Milt did these sketches over Ollie’s animation or over live action photostats. In any case, they reveal his sense of perfection when it comes to drawing feet, hands and the human figure in general.



Bruce Reitherman provided most of Mowgli's dialogue as well as some live action reference under the direction of his dad, director Woolie Reitherman.



To see how Frank Thomas handled the character of Mowgli, go to this earlier post:


Disney Articles

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Not so many years ago there were hardly any books available relating to animation. Today of course every new animated feature comes with its own book on The Making of.
Back then magazine articles were the only source of information about new projects from Disney, and occasionally photos took you behind the scenes of the studio. There was nothing more exciting than finding out about the next project from Walt Disney Productions. 





Marc Davis at the Walt Disney Family Museum

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I am off to the Walt Disney Family Museum in San Francisco for the opening of the Marc Davis exhibit, Leading Ladies and Femmes Fatales: The Art of Marc Davis.
Marc’s expertise in developing and animating female characters will be the theme of this this show:


The photo montage above is a book cover design that I came up with while still at the studio, when I was exploring the idea of doing a single book on each of the Nine Old Men.

I encourage everyone to visit the fabulous museum and see Marc’s original art up close.
The exhibit covers Marc incredible talent as an animator, as a  designer of iconic Disney theme park rides and as a modern fine artist. 

As I mentioned before, the wonderful Mary Blair exhibit is still ongoing as well, so now is the perfect time to to see the work of both artists.
Here are a few reminders that demonstrate Marc Davis’s talents as an animator of female characters.







A photo from the early 1990s at Marc’s and Alice’s home. Wonderful times!


Pinocchio comes to Life

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Here once again are a couple of panels (I call them updated storyboards) from the film Pinocchio that demonstrate how the Blue Fairy brings him to life. These are snapshots from the original 35 mm pencil tests, which Walt would review during sweatbox sessions. Some images show key drawings, others are in-betweens (they usually look a little cleaner), there are rough animation drawings and occasionally clean ups. I think these prints are beautiful and insightful documents of how the animation on this film progressed.
Animator Jack Campbell drew the Blue Fairy, Berny Wolf did Jiminy Cricket (surprise!), and Ollie Johnston animated Pinoke’s first scenes, followed by Milt Kahl. A Golden Age of character animation indeed.
The panels need to be viewed next to each other.



On a different note:
The Marc Davis exhibition at the Walt Disney Family Museum looks great, and the Mary Blair show is extraordinary! You are really missing out big time if you don’t see these breathtaking exhibits. They represent a couple of jewels in the treasure chest, that is the Walt Disney Family Museum.

Sleeping Beauty's Lackey

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The character designs for the film Sleeping Beauty are highly inventive and groundbreaking. Other studios had already experimented with short films that looked very different and modern. These productions showed limited movements with their flat, graphic characters. 
Disney’s first experiments, using break-away, contemporary designs, go back to 1954’s Toot, Whistle, Plunk and Boom.
But Sleeping Beauty was the first animated feature in which Disney character development and acting were combined with fully animated stylized personalities. 
The Lackey has only a small role, but his few scenes are extremely well executed. 
You have a very skinny character who’s costume adds bulk and contrast. The design sketch above is by Milt Kahl, who animated most of the personality scenes.
Here are a few rough keys from his introductory scene. 
King Hubert has just called for the wine, and the Lackey rushes in with a bottle and two glasses on a tray. I love the way Milt animated him running as he almost looses control of his hold on the tray.







Another great Kahl scene in which the Lackey performs a secretive wine tasting.
He carefully checks on the two kings who are busy in conversation. Feeling unobserved, he lifts up a glass for a sip. He immediately is interrupted by King Hubert’s boisterous voice and quickly places the glass back on the tray. His final expression shows an attempt to cover up guilt of having done something against protocol. 
Just look at the graphic power in these drawings.












John Sibley also animated a few scenes, no doubt under Milt’s supervision.
This is one of John’s rough key drawings.


Character Relationships

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Staging personalities together in a way that brings out their personalities is a quality Frank Thomas was very good at. He knew well that having contrasting attitudes among characters helps to create interesting situations. Playing them off each other brings out their emotions and identities.
Frank’s characters always come off as sincere, real types, because they are based on actual life observation. No tricks, no formulas…instead his animation reminds everyone of somebody they encountered in their lives.
Above, Fauna and Merryweather contemplate the idea of raising Princess Aurora secretly in the forest. Fauna adores the idea while Merryweather has her doubts. 

In this drawing from the unproduced short film The Laughing Gauchito Frank faced the challenge of having the main character act with himself in a mirror. This becomes more of a technical challenge, since the reflection moves exactly like the Gauchito, just in a different perspective (a problem that obviously doesn’t exist in today’s CG animation).



Ichabod Crane dances with Katrina. Frank explores various staging ideas that show Ichabod’s pursuit and Katrina’s willingness to play along. 



A pirate on Hook’s ship threatens Smee. The pirate’s force dominates this situation, while Smee is portrayed as intimidated and helpless.



Here Captain Hook corners Smee, a great visual for action and reaction. 



In this little doodle Jock and Lady share a moment in which either one is interested in the other's thoughts. They both lean toward one another to examine what’s on the other’s character’s mind.
Jock seems to offer comfort, and Lady is willing to accept it.



the Three Fairies have just sent Aurora into the forest to pick more berries. Now that she is gone they immediately go on with their business to prepare for a surprise birthday party. Flora is leading the way (right in character), while Merryweather closes the door.



Pongo has just picked up Lucky, who was shivering in the cold snow. He has no problem carrying the little pup, who is helpless and limp as a flower sack.



Easy to read attitudes in this character composition. Wart is flabbergasted toward the affection this strange girl squirrel is showcasing. I love her little arms holding on to Wart, and keeping him from moving away (temporarily).



King Louie shows ape like behavior when examining Mowgli’s head for any kind of insects. The boy naturally is annoyed and tries to free himself. A great scene, Frank did every single drawing for it.



Baloo takes a liking to Mowgli, who has not yet accepted the bear as an ally. Eventually he comes around, which is part of the joy of The Jungle Book.



Here is the link to an earlier post on this subject:

Busch Horses

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Wilhelm M. Busch was good at drawing anything, but his illustrations depicting horses show the artist’s special connection with the animal. The reason could be the fact that horses are readily available drawing subjects in Germany. At the races, sporting events and at farms.
These book illustrations date back to 1977 for the edition of “Reitvorschrift fuer eine Geliebte” (Riding Rules for a Lover)…odd title.
Every one of these pen and ink/brush images is a gem. So inspiring. Refreshingly formula-free.
Just thorough observation, knowledge and emotion!

I did one wire sculpture of a horse and a rider a while back…I’ve got to do another one.














Hook has a Cold

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After his rough encounter with the Crocodile at Skull Rock, Captain Hook manages to get back to his ship, where a bad cold plagues him. Frank Thomas animated this sequences with Hook wheezing and sneezing while cursing Peter Pan at the same time. The acting is just incredible in these scenes, each gesture shows Hook’s unsuccessful attempts at easing his pain. Everything has proper weight, the hot water bottle over his head, the blanket covering his back and his body in general.
This is also an example of outstanding use of live action reference, which was provided by the character’s voice actor Hans Conried. Frank chose a few of his important acting moments and translated them inventively into graphic motion. 
Stunning character animation, the kind that makes me feel so passionate about drawn animation.



Frank explores key poses that reveal Hook’s agony. Beautiful sketches by an animator who proclaimed that drawing didn’t come easy to him. 




This amazing clean up drawing is currently being offered at Heritage Auctions:



Eventually Smee enters Hook’s cabin. He ends up poring way too much hot water into the tub, before sharing rumors about Peter Pan and Tinker Bell.



This set up does not include matching cels. Smee is holding a thermometer, but Hook already has one in his mouth. Still, what lovely artwork.


Peter Pan Rough Layouts

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I find these layout sketches utterly magical. Disney artists who researched and designed environments were wizards. Even the house of the Darling family, in- and outside, is presented with a dreamlike quality. These guys knew how to use light and shade so effectively, it not only helped set the mood for a sequence, but their art became a major part of the film’s overall storytelling. The characters’ surroundings communicate their emotions just like the acting does. 
I look at these atmospheric backdrops with a sense of awe, partly because this is the kind of work I myself can not do. That’s why I am forever grateful to layout and background artists who gave my own characters an interesting and beautiful world to live in.
These drawings are probably the work of Ken O’Connor or Ken Anderson. I’m sure some of you know the name of the rightful artist. If you do, I’d appreciate it if you would leave a comment to let us know.










In this film frame Wendy takes a final look at Pan’s ship as it sails away toward new adventures.


Baloo brags about fighting the Monkeys

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Milt Kahl only animated a handful of scenes with Baloo from The Jungle Book.
After King Louie’s monkeys kidnap Mowgli, they trip the bear who subsequently falls down a steep hillside. At this point the only thing he can do is to call for Bagheera.
The panther arrives at the hill’s edge to find Baloo bragging theatrically about what a fight he put up with the monkeys: “(They ambushed me…) thousands of ’em. I jabbed with my left, then I swung with a right, and then…”
During the dialogue he gets on his feet and acts out the dramatic battle in order to convince Bagheera that he fought tooth and nail in an attempt to protect the boy. 

Milt drew a heavier Baloo than Ollie did. (Frank Thomas also drew him big with long arms).
I remember Milt saying: “What’s so difficult about drawing a bear? You just have to make sure that his ass is big enough!”
Dave Michener, who did assistant work for Milt on Jungle Book, gave me these copies of the scene’s key poses. Dave had asked his boss how to interpret some of Baloo’s fists, since they were often just indicated as a circle without much definition. 
“You go figure it out!” Milt replied. He didn’t feel like dealing with a minor drawing issue right then and there.

It really is a great scene. Baloo moves with a lot of weight, and his broad arm swings define real space.















Downsized

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After Cruella and the Baduns crash their cars during a chase, we see the characters stranded in the snow among automotive wreckage. Cruella yells at Jasper and Horace, and blames them for this embarrassing outcome.
The scene is fielded as a long shot, we see the tiny trio stuck in a wintery landscape. Before animation began, the smart decision was made to draw the characters full size on 16 field paper. Later the artwork would be reduced with the help of the Xerox process.
This is Cruella’s last scene in the film, and animator Marc Davis wanted to be sure that he could articulate her frustration in a thorough way, without being tide down to a teeny drawing size.
It is a beautiful piece of animation, full of comic rage and defeat. So, in a way it’s a shame that we can’t see all the subtleties Marc put into the scene as far as drawing and acting.
Still, the framing works great for the film’s continuity, and presents an effective final blow to Cruella’s nasty ambitions. 
Here is the line drawing of the scene, followed by the much larger sized character drawings.
What a great pose for Cruella! Marc was on fire with this character.



Scar in Entertainment Weekly

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What a pleasant surprise! I was recently going through the pages of the magazine Entertainment Weekly when I came across this article on animated villains. The write up referres to the upcoming release of Disney’s live action film “Maleficent”. Cruella takes center stage, as she should.
I have to tell you, it feels mighty good that a character I animated years ago still seems relevant to audiences and critics. And he is written about among such distinguished company!
Made my “entertainment” week.

I found these throw-away ruffs in my inventory, most of them from the sequence when Scar sets up young Simba before the wildebeast stampede.

I still remember listening to Jeremy Iron’s voice recordings, thinking: Wow…this is gold! I better not screw this up.





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