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Cruella in Curlers

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What an incredible visual development piece from 101 Dalmatians.
Cruella de Vil is reading the papers about the dognapping. This experimental cel set up shows her in a round bed with a snake motif. Red, mauve and black are the only colors used here.
I love the "real" lace curtain! The Disney artists were trying anything to achieve a new revolutionary look for this film.
Marc Davis animated every single scene of Cruella. The one I am showing here is from that bedroom sequence. The ringing of the phone has just interrupted her gleeful mood, but she fakes a smile when answering: "Hello." After realizing who is calling, her expression changes again.
"Jasper!" she pauses in disbelief, then "Jasper, you idiot!"
Everything is top notch here, her body composition, wonderful grotesque expressions -those cheekbones are priceless- and of course subtle, controlled animation.
Modern animation as good as it gets.










An actual frame from a scene preceding the one above.
The risks Disney artists were taking with this new style were enormous. This is not playing safe and giving audiences what they want. This movie says: Let us surprise you with something you haven't seen before. 
Risks are fun, and there is no reason today's feature animation can't take bold risks again.



Hockey Homicide

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There have been quite a few great Disney animators who brought the character of Goofy to life.
Art Babbitt developed him during the mid 1930ies as a type who thought long and hard about something, and then did it wrong (Art's own words).
Other animators followed, John Sibley did outstanding work on shorts like Olympic Champ, and Woolie Reitherman's performances in Saludos Amigos are incredible.
In 1945 Milt Kahl worked on a couple of Goofy shorts, the hilarious Tiger Trouble and the wacky Hockey Homicide. The latter one presented a world in which hockey players as well as audiences were drawn as Goofy type designs. Milt had particularly fun animating the referee, who occasionally lost his balance on the ice. Those scenes are as fluid and elegant in their own way as ballet dancing.
Here are a few of Milt's rough drawings of that character. Beautiful expressive hands, and extreme (but appealing) squash and stretch.







You can watch the short here:

TS Sullivant 7

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How about starting the week off with Sullivant cartoons?
I said about everything I can in regards to his unparalleled work, no need for more analysis.
Any political statement here is a reflection of the time the drawing was published.

Luckily Sullivant was very prolific, so this won't be the last post showcasing his genius.











Bill Peet's Song of the South

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Bill Peet was a very interesting artist. He had the most fun when working on projects he was in charge of as far as story develpment. During his long career at Disney there were three such projects. Song of the South (the animated sequences), 101 Dalmatians and The Sword in the Stone.  Peet storyboarded these films single handedly. 
Whenever he worked with a sizable story crew on movies like Cinderella, Alice in Wonderland or Peter Pan, he felt that in the end there were "too many cooks in the kitchen", which led to painful compromises.
The animal characters in Song of the South are incredibly well developed with their contrasting personalities. The story sketches gave the layout department wonderful sets, and the animators were able to use just about every pose Peet came up with.
Look at the vitality in these sketches, appeal, acting and storytelling, it's all there.
I understand that Bill Peet never watched the final versions of the films he worked on in fear of being disappointed. I hope that's not true.

Go to Michael Sporn's blog for scans of complete Peet storyboards:












In this early sheet Milt Kahl explores proportions and expressions for Brer Rabbit, based on Peet's sketches. Have you ever seen anything more appealing?


Hercules

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Barry Johnson, a very talented story artist who I worked with on a few projects, posted this partial rough model sheet on his blog recently. I had forgotten about it, but it reminded me to do a post on Hercules.
I animated adult Hercules in the movie, and the assignment was a shift from my previous characters Gaston, Jafar and Scar, all villains. I wanted to do a different character concept this time around, so I asked if I could do the title character. 
Even though the film's cast was going to be inspired by the graphic style of British artist Gerald Scarfe, I knew that Hercules needed to be animated subtly and convincingly.
As a matter of fact, Gerald Scarfe drew him in a very exaggerated way and told me:" I just don't draw Hercules the way he needs to look in the movie."
Still, a very cool sketch.



Eventually Gerald and I got together to discuss design issues. All the other units had pretty much finalized their characters, and it was time to nail the appearance of Hercules.
So we both talked and doodled at the same time until we quickly came up with this sketch.
The main idea was to go back to images of Greek sculptures, athletes or Gods, and incorporate some of the facial features into our design.



Still looking for the right shapes and forms.



Thumbnail sketches for my first production scene. Herc has just offered Meg a ride on Pegasus, and confirms that the horse wouldn't mind. Then from up above an apple hits Herc on the head.
These sketches were made in front of a TV set, I was studying life action reference by actor Robert Gant, who gave me great ideas for acting.



More thumbnails for a scene, late in the film. Megara has died, and Hercules rushes into frame and in disbelief picks up her body.



A couple scenes later he lowers Meg slowly to the ground.
These poses are my first rough pass, the last image is tied down. Animator Ken Duncan, who supervised Meg, helped me to keep her drawing on model.






Turn around sheets in clean up and rough form. As you can see, there is quite a bit of line mileage on this character.




A color model sheet.



I have to say I really enjoyed animating Hercules. Tate Donavon's great voice performance had a mix of innocence and awkwardness, but also bravery. After a few scenes under my belt Herc also became a lot of fun to draw. The design was stylized, but he needed to move with weight and subtlety. There are plenty of scenes I'd like to do over again, but I look back with fond memories of how much fun we all had creating these characters.

By the way, initially I was asked to animate the villain Hades. At that time he was thought of as a Jack Nicholson type.
I am glad Nik Ranieri ended up doing this character, he did a splendid job with him.



A fun caricature by Eric Goldberg of me as Hercules and Eric as Phil.


Medusa on the Phone

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This is one of many great close up scenes of Medusa animated by Milt Kahl.
At the beginning of the scene she has just changed expressions, her mood went from gleeful anticipation to angry disappointment. Not only hasn't Snoops found the diamond yet, but he saw Penny sending a message in a bottle.
Her response is :"You bungler!" 
So let's go through some of these keys. On #91 Milt draws her with a wonderful mad asymmetrical expression.



Then she turns her head, and her lips form a strong  yOU. You can feel that loose skin forming the mouth shape. The  face points downward, shoulders go up.




Her expression intensifies as she turns screen right, and the lips form a B.




As her upper head starts to lead the move upwards, shoulders and right hand start to drop down on #119.
Here's what's interesting: Milt does NOT use the open mouth shape for bUngler to move her head to the highest point, this would have been a typical stretch to help the head mass move fast and smoothly.





He keeps her lips closed through #123, THEN follows a broad open mouth shape.
By showing this strong shape change after the arrival of the head in its high position, when the overall motion is relatively calm, it makes the dialogue read that much better.



The end position shows Medusa starring at the phone (she is really starring at Snoops). Her mouth is slightly open to form the R for bungleR. Shoulders and hand have moved up from their lowest position, which supported a stretch in her upper body.



And of course every drawing is a masterpiece.

Ken Anderson Vis Dev

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Ken Anderson was was an  artist who enjoyed exploring environments as well as characters for Disney films. In his days that was somewhat of an exception, most artists at the studio focused  on one of the two categories.
I guess today studios demand again that a Vis Dev artist is capable of not only developing backgrounds but also personalities for a film.

Here are a few wonderful examples of Ken's talent.
They show how to place characters in an environment in a way that presents mood combined with character development.

The films are 101 Dalmatians, The Sword in the Stone, The Jungle Book, The Aristocats, and Robin Hood.
I was lucky, I got to know Ken a little, he was somebody you could have stimulating conversation with about animation, art and whatever was on your mind.











Fantasia Maquettes

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I have always been in awe of Disney's character model department. Joe Grant was the head of this unit during the Golden Age Of Animation. 
Not only were rough model sheets produced here, but also three dimensional sculptures to help the animators visualize their characters.
The chosen poses for these maquettes always showed beautiful movement, appeal and expressiveness. The final look in the film might differ a little from these early representations, but what a great source of inspiration for the animation.
The photo above is from the 1941 Disney film The Reluctant Dragon, which includes a tour through Disney's magic animation factory. The guest being shown around is actor/writer Robert Benchley, who is visiting a made up model department.
Every one of these little sculpts is a masterpiece, representing not only the personality of a character, but the essence of Disney, period!









Joe Grant Sketch

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I don't have much time tonight for a post, still, I want to put up something.
I find this sketch showing early versions of Pinocchio and Honest John absolutely fascinating.
Evil and innocence in one drawing. The tone here is much darker and more severe than what we see in the final film.
The fox's expression reminds me a little of Joe Grant's designs of the witch for Snow White.
It is a haunting image, no trace of comedy whatsoever.

Мушка Update

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It's been very busy around here, making a movie!
The story of "Mushka" is roughly storyboarded all the way through. It's a great feeling to be able to follow the whole story visually for the first time instead of reading the script.

That's me in a recent story meeting with scriptwriter Myka (sitting) and Matthieu Saghezchi who helped me draw the first rough pass. As soon as we were done sketching this early version, we started on corrections and improving ideas. That process will continue all the way through production.
But the story reel will go up soon, can't wait to see sequences timed out with temporary music and dialogue (there will be very little of that actually).
There are a couple of character designs that need to be finessed….but all in all that's where we are at the moment. 
So much fun!!


Photo and sketches ©Andreas Deja

Pierre Lambert's Sleeping Beauty

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I need to recommend this new coffee tablet/art book by Pierre Lambert, who in recent years has published several extraordinary volumes on Disney animated features.
For now Sleeping Beauty is only available as a French edition, but believe me, even if you don't speak the language, you will be amazed.
There are endless top quality reproductions of backgrounds, cel set ups, vis dev work, layouts and animation drawings. A few pieces from my collection made it into the book as well.
If you like this movie, this book really is a must have. 
You can order it from Stuart Ng right here:


I know the price is a bit high, but the book is totally worth it. So if you have a birthday coming up, or if you have $170 to spare, treat yourself to a spectacular insight into the making of Sleeping Beauty.

To celebrate the book's release I am posting these animation drawings which are NOT included in this edition.

"Here is your precious princess!" Maleficent is about to uncover Aurora's body in front of the Three Fairies. A great scene by Marc Davis, subtly drawn with incredible weight and dramatic overlap in the fabric.





Frank Thomas researches design and proportions for the Three Fairies.



This sketch almost represents their final appearances.
I've heard people say that the Fairies softer designs don't match the graphic style of the movie.
But as you can see, Frank followed the same principles of strong straight against curved lines, just like other animators for their characters.



I love these explorations, variations on one main idea. Subtle shifts for shapes and forms reveal individual personalities.



A couple of Prince Phillip roughs by Milt Kahl. He has just been freed from the chains around his wrists. The way he turns his hand to loosen up the joint is awesome.




A huge rough of Samson, the most stylized horse in Disney animation.



Milt also drew these King Hubert pencil/watercolor designs, before his outfit was simplified.



King Hubert runs to meet his son, he is about to discuss Prince Phillip's future.
An absolutely gorgeous drawing, this is a hop to break up the pattern of the run.


Character Designs from Long Ago

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Going through my archives I keep finding drawings I didn't know I had.
Like these peculiar design sheets that bring back a lot of memories.
Way back I was on the original crew for Oliver & Company. The idea of replacing some of the original human characters with animals sounded very appealing to me. I did a first pass on most of the main characters, including Fagin, before story work was put on hold. I eventually left the project to work on Roger Rabbit.
This is a small street gang made up of cats and dogs who would eventually run into the kitten Oliver.



At one point Michael Eisner wanted the animation department to pursue the idea of turning the book The Catcher in the Rye into a film. I only worked briefly on the project before it was cancelled.
I do remember the main character being a dog. These drawings show the old sailor  Ol' Joe, no idea how he fit into the story back then.



I did this design of the Gorilla Bouncer from the Ink & Paint Club in Roger Rabbit in a hurry.
The footage was ready to get animated, but we didn't have a final model on him yet.
Dick Williams asked me to come up with something quickly, we faxed the sketch to Robert Zemeckis , and within ten minutes he gave his approval from the US. Once in a while things have to move fast even in animation. 


Mel Shaw's Beauty & the Beast

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Mel Shaw was a very cool guy.
He was funny, and he could draw everything…really well…really fast! He was a wizard with pastels.
I first saw his art when I started at Disney in 1980. His office was overflowing with incredible Vis Dev work for a proposed sequel to Fantasia, then titled Musicana. As I mentioned before, the whole concept for that film was stunning!
Behind Mel in the photo are sketches for the Scheherazade sequence (top) and for Finlandia.


Mel later became a member of what I should call Le Groupe, a selection of Disney artists who in 1989 were sent to London and later the Loire Valley in order to prepare the next animated feature Beauty & the Beast. (I was lucky enough to be part of this group along with Hans Bacher, Glen Keane, Tom Sito and Don Hahn.)

You can find out more about this research trip on Hans' great blog:

Here are a few wonderful Mel Shaw doodles and sketches from this earlier version of the film.
They include Belle, the horse Philippe, but also a later eliminated character, her aunt Marguerite.








These continuity pages show several story threads: 
Maurice gets mad at his sister Marguerite, and Belle rides off on Philippe to find and prevent Gaston from killing the beast. Lovely thumbnails.





A couple of atmospheric pastels. Did this man know light or what ?!




I believe this photo was taken in a London restaurant. Hans Bacher might correct me on this.
After the death of his first wife Mel married John Lounsbery's widow Florence. She came along on the trip. And there's me with Hans.


Mel passed away not long ago on Dec. 5, 2012.
He had talents in so many areas, he was an architect, sculptor, painter and story artist.
There really wasn't anything he couldn't do. 

Tigger Outtake

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These are a few scenes with Tigger and Pooh that ended up being cut from the feature film Winnie The Pooh. As I mentioned before Tigger's entrance used to be very different from the final version. Just like in the original shorts, he was always looking for something or someone to bounce on.
We animated the whole sequence that way, but after a screening it became clear that Tigger really wasn't that interesting just bouncing around. So the sequence was rewritten, and new and different business was added which included a red balloon. It turned out for the better.

I did enjoy animating these early scenes though.
Tigger grabs the wooden sign away from Pooh and enthusiastically starts bouncing on it, until he gradually looses interest. This was a scene that required some careful analyzing. Tigger's emotion starts out being euphoric, then he becomes bored and somewhat annoyed. It was lots of fun doing it.
I animated both characters for the first two scenes, Marc Henn did Pooh in the last shot.



                                                                                                         © Disney

Happy Birthday!

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Today is Kathryn Beaumont Levine's birthday.
All best wishes, and remember, Kathy, tomorrow is your un-birthday!!


Pinocchio Art

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Just like the personality animation in Disney's Pinocchio the world that was created for the characters to live in is spectacular. Many different locations had to be explored, from an Alpine village and an amusement park island to the bottom of the ocean and the inside of a whale.
Vis dev art as well as layouts were carefully planned and rendered with light that reminds me of Rembrandt. 
Every piece of art you see from this film indicates just how much of a labor of love it was for everyone involved in the production. Of course the Disney artists had deadlines to go by, but studying this kind of work you can almost count the overtime hours, and see their determination to make Pinocchio the absolute best film possible.











A 1939 article from New York times Magazine.


Busch Spot Illustrations

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Wilhelm M. Busch captures a specific mood or situation with an economy of lines in these charming small size drawings. They were published in the 1960 German book "Zuweilen Lohnt es sich zu Weilen" (It pays to stop and smell the roses… very loosely translated). 
The printing size for each illustration is no larger than 1 1/2 x 1 1/2 inches. I wonder what the actual drawing size was. 
The text is a collection of phrases comprising simple words of wisdom.

As usual I love the way characters relate to one another. Solid compositions and believable perspective, drawn in a style where every line counts. A joy to look at!








This is a phenomenal sketch. Three characters, three different attitudes. Evidently the boy has done something that troubles his parents. Look at the guilt in the kid's body pose. From his lowered head to the pouty lips...perfection. The mother seems to be trying to find out what really happened. I love her facial angle, and the stretched arm reaching for the boy signals some sympathy.
Father is pacing up and down in the back, he is probably contemplating what punishment his son might receive. You couldn't draw and stage this type of situation any better.









The Rescuers Story Meeting

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Even though the cameras are rolling, but it feels like story artist/writer Larry Clemmons is genuinely presenting a sequence from The Rescuers. He is showing storyboards involving the introduction of Orville, the albatross.
Present are animator Frank Thomas, co-director Art Stevens, animators Gary Goldman and Ollie Johnston, producer/co-director Woolie Reitherman and story man Ted Berman.
This is a short, but rare unique glimpse into the making of The Rescuers.
Except for newcomer Goldman everybody in the group has been involved with Disney Animation for decades. It is interesting to see that Ollie brought drawing paper along to the meeting, so he can put down sketches based on spontaneous ideas.
He would later animate most of the personality scenes with Orville.
I have some interesting design material of that character by Milt Kahl and Ollie, which I will share in a post very soon.
Sorry about the low video quality, but I think it's still worth watching.




Drawing Lions

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…not at the zoo, but in the office!
Before production began on Lion King, the studio came up with a great training program on how to draw the animals that would appear as characters in the movie. We sketched at the LA zoo, spent a day at Shambala, Tippi Hedren's Big Cat Reserve and went down to visit the beautiful San Diego zoo.
All that was very helpful, but you can only get so close to wild animals when you draw them in their enclosures. So we all got psyched when it was announced that we would have the opportunity to draw real lions in one of our conference rooms. What a thrill!
The animals came from a ranch near Los Angeles, where they focused on training a variety of creatures for work in movies, commercials and music videos.
It was an amazing experience to see the lions up close in our environment. 

To get us started we were presented with a lion cub first. "Aaahhhhh" everybody went. "How adorable!"
Huge paws, fun to draw.




The room became quiet when this young female came around the corner to take the stage. She was definitely checking us out. Nothing feminin about a lioness, she was muscle packed.
As you know, in the wild the females do the hunting, so they need to be strong and powerful.




We all gasped when this seven year old male showed up. "He's been fed, right?" somebody asked.
His name was Joseph, and he was gigantic. Apparently he had been in a Michael Jackson music video. Joseph didn't give us his moonwalk impression though, we were just fascinated by his presence. Everything is about weight with a large cat like this one, from lifting his head to moving a paw, everything looks heavy.





A group photo with Joseph, his handler, animal expert Jim Fowler and the film's directors Rob Minkoff and Roger Allers.



The group sketching away. Sometimes we were charmed, other times the lions took our breath away.




That's Jeffrey Katzenberg, at a safe distance, but across the safety line!!



A few pages with some of my lion sketches.




Since I was the lucky guy to be cast on the villain Scar, I studied films and photos of voice actor Jeremy Irons. I thought that there was something in his facial features I could apply to the design of Scar. Dark circles under his eyes and distinctive mouth shapes.
This was the first drawing I made, and I think he starts to look like Irons, but there is also some Jafar leftover.  That needed to go.




The one adjustment I made was adding cheek hair. It just looked better against his black mane.




Various model sheets showing basic anatomy, the design of his mane and clean up keys from a dialogue scene: "I despise guessing games".





Jeremy Irons really is one of the great actors of our time. The way he shaped Scar's character was astonishing to witness. He brought intelligence, humor and pure evil to the part. And he could make any written dialogue sound great. I have said this before, if Jeremy reads the commissary menu, I'd want to animate that.


The Last Time I Saw Kimball…

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…was a few weeks before he passed away.
Ward died on this day in 2002. It's shocking to realize that he has been gone that long, it feels more like just a few short years ago.
I drove over to his house with my friend Howard Green to see how he and his wife Betty were doing.
Ward was in a social mood that afternoon, he even showed us around his studio, where he pulled out a large folder with studio gag drawings done by himself, Fred Moore and Walt Kelly. (See last photo.)
I didn't have time to look at all the sketches, so I told him that this collection would make a great book!  He also signed our copies of John Canemaker's Walt Disney's Nine Old Men.

Just like Walt Disney Ward had many interests. Ted Thomas points out in his documentary Growing up with Nine Old Men, that no one knows how he found the time to do all these things. Ward animated and directed at Disney, him and Betty raised three children, he collected model trains and vintage mechanical toys, and then there was his backyard railroad Grizzly Flats, which included a full-sized beautifully restored steam locomotive. So you can imagine Ward never ran out of things to talk about…in his own unpredictable way. Even though he had slowed down a little with age, he was still a very funny person to spend time with.

It is tough to find fresh Kimball material these days since Amid Amidi started to post so much great stuff on 365 Days of Ward Kimball:

This is a funny doodle sheet, portraying various types of dogs.



One of many cover illustrations Kimball did for the magazine Asinine Alley.



The model sheet of M. C. Bird from the 1969 Academy Award winning short film It's Tough to be a Bird. These are Ward's drawings, and I think they are fantastic, loose and formula free.



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