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More Busch Circus Sketches

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These beautiful, spontaneous sketches by Wilhelm M. Busch date back to 1984.
 Drawing from life really doesn't get any better than this. Within seconds Busch scribbles down characteristic poses of animals, and his overall compositions are equally impressive.
The power of great draughtsmanship!
I love the last two drawings with the lion and lion tamer. There is a real relationship that comes through in just a few pencil lines.











For more on Busch's circus sketches go here:

http://andreasdeja.blogspot.com/2014/12/busch-circus-elephant-sketches.html



Ollie Johnston...20 Questions

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I don't know who asked Ollie to answer these questions, but this questionnaire is currently available on ebay. Other artists from the field of entertainment did the same, such as Jane Russell and Carol Burnett.
This sheet seems trivial at first, but you do find out about Ollie's hobbies, his favorite TV show and his favorite animators.
It is actually a little puzzle piece in trying to figure out what made one of Disney's greatest animators tick.



Dwarfs

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I have had color xeroxes of these beautiful rough animation drawings on 12 field paper for a while. They feature a few of Snow White's dwarfs drawn by three animators at the time of production.
The first batch is unmistakably the work of the ridiculously gifted Fred Moore, who was in his mid 20s when he worked on the movie. I call him a terrific freak of nature. Even before Snow White Fred had helped transform the early rubber hose Disney style into a medium that presented flesh and blood, living, breathing characters.
Ollie Johnston stated that Walt Disney gave Fred tons of notes during sweatbox sessions. Walt knew that this kid was just right to head up the "Dwarfs unit", but he wanted to see acting and entertainment on a superior level. So with Walt's input Fred ended up with animation that was overflowing with personality...and charm.






In this pose Dopey is anticipating a kiss from Snow White. Perfect staging!



Occasionally Fred worked on a pose intensely to get a result that felt right to him. Sure, most of the time his drawings have a light touch, but when a scene required to dig deeper in order to carve out the right emotion, he was perfectly capable of scribbling intently until the character's personality communicated clearly.



What a master at distortion, when it comes to broad motion. Tytla, too, animated loose, fleshy skin on  Grumpy, and later on Stromboli.



These are among the roughest drawings by Fred Moore I have seen. This is tough brain work, but at the same time there is confidence and fearlessness.






Many of Bill Tytla's drawings, like these two featuring Grumpy, are not as "pretty" as Fred's work. His pencil strokes are short, and the poses seem less solid. But when seen in motion the power of a super animator surfaces. A single drawing meant very little to him, he knew that only a series of sketches will bring something to life. And in his case in the most vigorous way.




Ward Kimball's soup eating sequence was cut from the final film, but not because of his outstanding character animation. Kimball took Moore's appealing draughtsmanship and applied it to his own way of character acting. He made every dwarf slurp down the soup in a distinctive and inventive manner.
Another child genius.



A Pecos Bill Myth

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Ward Kimball and Milt Kahl both animated personalty scenes of Pecos Bill from the 1948 Disney movie Melody Times. This was outstanding casting, Ward brought zaniness to the character, while Milt added believable (yet often hilarious) character animation.
I do remember Ward talking in lectures and interviews about one specific scene. When Slue Foot Sue embraces Pecos before planting a big kiss, his pistols go off by themselves to show...excitement.
Ward took credit for animating the scene, and was almost giddy about the fact that Walt Disney never caught on to the real meaning of the scene...Pecos is getting his rocks off (Ward's own words).

Well, Ward didn't animate that scene, it was one of Milt's. I don't have to check with the animation  draft (even though I did) to realize that drawing and staging is pure Milt Kahl.

I don't know if Ward had anything to do with the idea for the scene, but this episode makes for good story telling.




A clean up model sheet made up of Milt's key drawings, including the scene in question.


Roger Rabbit Scenes II

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"Pasword!""Walt sent me".
The writers of Who Framed Roger Rabbit had a field day as they came up with all kinds of inuendos that referenced the golden age of Hollywood animation.
I remember animating this little scene, it was a little tricky to lock the gorilla's partial face into the subtle camera move.
A reminder, this film's animation was still painted on cels. The red shading in the gorilla's eye was rendered with a color grease pencil right on to the cels. (As were Jessica's lips.)

This was supposed to be the bouncer of all bouncers, absolutely huge.
Bob Hoskins knew this when filming the scene, he looked up way high as he imagined this oversized gorilla.








This was a tricky scene as well. Hoskins was filmed hanging on wires as he approaches the camera fast. It turned out that a believable throw needed to be faster though, so the live action footage was sped up by skipping a few frames. I liked the challenge of animating the gorilla as he is holding on to Hoskins before throwing him forward.



This was my first eye popping Tex Avery take. I animated Roger's eyes coming forward during a stagger, but my first test didn't show a perfect eye contact between human and toon. So Dick Williams made me change Roger's eye direction in order to follow Hoskin's movements.
It was a good call. Made the scene much more believable.



Oh boy, here is a scene that I thought was un-doable. Both characters argue for a while before Roger jumps on the bed in order to get his point across, being closer to Hoskins. The camera moved in on them EVER so slowly. The photostats I had to work with didn't show the wrinkles in the bed sheet, so how was I to register Roger's feet during the camera truck in?   
Again, Dick Williams came to the rescue. He said, the rabbit is agitated anyway, so don't animate his feet planted on the bed the whole time. Instead have him do little nervous steps, so the contact is only for a short while each time. 
My animation is not technically perfect in this scene, but apparently good enough. I didn't get fired.
Roger's acting is ok though, I think.

 



The reason Roger is holding his right hand way up high at this moment is because Hoskins is looking in that direction. So in many cases as an animator you needed to be clever to come up with gestures that accommodated the actors' eye line.







After al these years KUDOS to Bob Hoskins, who should have won an Academy Award for this role. He was absolutely BRILLIANT!


Mr. Toad

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Disney's version of Kenneth Grahame's book The Wind in the Willows is one of those few productions that I would label as a good film, but not a great one. First conceived as a full feature film, before being cut down to featurette length, the trouble the story guys had with getting a hold of the material is evident to me. The whimsical quality of the original book never made it to the screen.
(Many years later Winnie the Pooh succeeded more on that level).
You get to know Toad, Rat and Mole only to a point, perhaps this should have been a full length feature to allow for deeper character development.
That being said...I love watching the film , because there are many animated highlights. Milt Kahl's Angus McBadger, Frank's Toad animation and the trial sequence are just terrific. Well worth studying frame by frame.
The overall character designs are pretty nifty as well, with the exception of bartender Winkie, who looks like a stock character.

Here are early character suggestions by Ray Jacobs (?).




Great sketch by story artist Homer Brightman.



A comparative size sheet drawn by Frank Thomas.



And a clean up model sheet using poses from Frank's animation. Milt had something to do with the way hands, clothing and facial expressions are drawn.



What a beautiful sketch from the film's prologue. That's what I call great staging.



A Life Magazine article, published around the time of the film's 1949 release.






Hollywood Animation 25 Years Ago

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I can still hear the chuckle in Marc Davis' voice when he told me over the phone:
"We made the cover of MODERN MATERNITY magazine."
 Charles Solomon's article on the state of animated films at the end of 1990 had just been published in MODERN MATURITY magazine. I was flattered beyond belief to be included in the cover with Marc. I remember the photo shoot like it was yesterday. Feature animation at that time was still in Glendale on Flower Street. Marc and I were led into a specially darkened room with a red light washing the back wall. There was a spotlight aimed at a Mickey Mouse drawing I had prepared. 
The photographer asked us to hold still during the long exposure, which seemed to take f-o-r-e-v-e-r!
I think it was somewhere around three minutes, and all I could think about was that poor Marc had to stare at my drawing, probably finding all kinds of flaws with it.

Who framed Roger Rabbit as well as The Little Mermaid had been released, and Disney's animation crew was riding high on the success of these films. But we had NO CLUE what was to come in the future. The Prince and The Pauper combined with The Rescuers Down Under as theatrical releases proved to be a bump in the road toward unimaginably successful projects that followed. Then a few years later the company would gradually loose interest in its signature type of animation, before abandoning Disney animation, as we know it, altogether.
I count myself so lucky to have been a part of the resurgence of feature animation. And to find out that our films and characters still resonate with students and audiences to this day is simply extraordinary. As I continue to present my lecture on the Nine Old Men in regards to my book, people tell me during the signing session that movies like Aladdin or Lion King made them want to become animators. 
It is the kind of satisfaction I really can't describe in words.

It is very humbling to find myself among all of the distinguished animation artists who presented insightful comments in this article.










Horse and Jockey in Wire

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I made this wire sculpture quite a few years ago. It was inspired by one of Heinrich Kley ink drawings. I loved the action in his sketch, and wondered if could get this sense of motion onto a sculpture. I also wanted to try and have it free standing, despite the out of balance poses. It turned out to be a fun challenge.



Once I find the time I would like to do a Madame Mim in wire to go with this Merlin:

http://andreasdeja.blogspot.com/2012/05/merlin-in-wire.html

By the way I mostly use thin steel wire, which costs almost nothing at places like Home Depot.
I bend the wire with  my fingers, no other tools, except for tightening the knots with pliers at the end to stabilize the sculpture.


Pinocchio Maquettes

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Joe Grant and his character model department were very busy during Disney's golden age. The artists produced inspirational drawings, rough model sheets and of course those stunning character maquettes. I love their choice for each pose, dynamic and rich with personality. And the fact that the sculptors applied a loose, non-slick approach to the figures adds an intuitive, natural and lively quality to their work.





For Pinocchio even props like the clocks in Gepetto's workshop were recreated to aid layout artists as well as animators.



Stromboli's wagon was actually filmed in motion, and the footage was used in the film. This process gave some relief to the effects animators who otherwise would have to animate the wagon's motion from scratch.



The donkey coach that takes "naughty boys" to Pleasure Island.



This model of Monstro helped animator Woolie Reitherman to get dramatic scale into the chase sequence at the end of the movie.



Disney Cels

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 Ever since I was a child, watching Disney animated films, I was in awe not only of the animation but also the characters' colors. I loved the muted palette of the early features, but also the vivid color choices during the 1950s. Color model artists at the studio were geniuses, they knew color theory and how color can support personality. They also knew what the cels would look like on film. In the end each Disney film became a Techicolor extravaganza, a feast for the eyes.
That's Flannery above, the station master, from the 1954 short film Pigs is Pigs.

A full figure cel of Pinocchio, 1940. Much warmer color tones, even the blue areas are muted.



A great cel from Three little Wolves from 1936. Amazing Fred Moore animation.



A cel produced as a book illustration by the ink and paint department. That's transparent paint used for the shadows.



The finale from Dance of the Hours. Beautiful contrast between the brown hippos and the green alligators. Very little original artwork survived from from Fantasia, and you can see problem with cel paint.



1953's Toot, Whistle, Plunk and Boom's colors remind me of a refreshing fruit salad.



Nice combination of muted and bright colors on this group cel from Alice in Wonderland, 1951.



Even miscellaneous characters get outstanding color treatment.



As I mentioned before, animator Marc Davis was never happy with Maleficent's final colors. He would have much preferred a combination of black and red, instead of purple.



Most images Heritage Auctions.

More on Disney cels and the ink and paint department here:

http://andreasdeja.blogspot.com/2014/07/ink-and-paint.html

Joe Grant Art

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This is how I remember Joe Grant during his second stint at Disney. Looking kind of serious before coming up with a wry, funny comment. The great thing about Joe was that you could talk to him about everything. He didn't mind answering your many questions about Disney during the Golden Age of Animation and Walt himself, but he much preferred to discuss current projects as well as modern artistic trends. When comparing the old with the present Disney Joe once remarked:
Oh, it was the same. Just like now, we had politics, rivalries, jealousies etc. But.....we drew better!

BANG...the truth!! I loved him for his honesty, because if you did on occasion do something he liked, it meant so much more.
Here are just a few examples of Joe's art. He could draw realistically, as you can see in this stunning image of Snow White's Witch, but he loved stylizing his designs. Ever since Joe picked up calligraphy as a sort of hobby, his art and designs became calligraphic. 




Designs for Fantasia and Lady & the Tramp.








If you'd like to find out more about Joe Grant, get John Canemaker's terrific book:
Two Guys named Joe

http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1423110676?keywords=two%20guys%20named%20joe&qid=1457243727&ref_=sr_1_1&s=books&sr=1-1

King Triton Stuff

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I found more King Triton rough drawings in the bowels of my archive. The sheet above, providing instructions for clean up, was produced by my then assistant Lou Dellarosa. 
Below you can see my first pass rough drawing from a scene in which Triton is confronting Ariel.
Lou did not work from that drawing though. I drew a tighter rough version of each key in graphite which served as the basis for clean up work. Those tighter rough drawings are housed at Disney.



Some of these paper sheets are starting to show their age.
I remember how much I enjoyed working with actor Ken Mars' voice, full of authority but also kindness. I had to shift gears though. Before animating King Triton I had finished work on Who Framed Roger Rabbit.




"Don't you take that tone of voice with me, young lady!"




Rico Lebrun

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Within the animation community Rico Lebrun is mostly known for his teaching stint at Disney during the pre-production phase of Bambi. In the photo you can see him giving a life drawing featuring a deer as a model. Seated behind him are animators Frank Thomas and Retta Scott.
His incredibly analytical motion studies of deer became an important cornerstone in the development of realistic, but "animatable" characters for the film.
When I saw these sheets below for the first time, I felt like lightbulbs were going off in my head.
Lebrun shows you the immense motion range of a deer as well as possibilities for entertainment.






Lebrun was born in Naples, Italy in 1900, he died in Malibu, California in 1964. For a while he was a commercial artist on New York, later he taught at Chouinard Art Institute in LA, where Disney found him.






His later work (which includes murals and sculptures) became much more abstract and dealt thematically with human suffering, which he must have seen plenty of as a soldier in the Italian Army during WW I.




Marc Davis Designs

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Years ago when I asked Marc Davis wether he animated those few scenes of the Queen in Sleeping Beauty, I didn't recall. But this drawing of the character holding newborn Aurora as she looks up to her husband King Stefan proves that Marc indeed was responsible for her scenes. Perfect profile, and large, elegant hands are part of his trademark as a draughtsman.
Marc skipped the preceding feature Lady and the Tramp in order to focus on the twomain characters in Sleeping Beauty, Princess Aurora and Maleficent.
But since he was such an outstanding designer, Marc also researched medieval costumes for the lead as well as minor characters.
I love his approach in these doodle sheets. He is not concerned with the film's final artistic style, instead he looks for period outfits that are not too complicated to be animated.






Here is a grouping of medieval characters in color by Marc from a previous post:

http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-nP3fFyWYR-A/UNK5U36NjDI/AAAAAAAAEjk/KAvmON1BR-E/s1600/SBB-3.jpg


Dumbo Mix

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The artist who drew this beautiful sequence for the film Dumbo is Bill Peet. The playful interaction between the baby elephant and his mother is what you would call "Disney Gold". It sets up the bond between a mother and her child. Peet thought of everything to make this section cinematic and entertaining. Staging and continuity are perfect, and the characters are drawn 100% on model. 
Which brings me to a story that's been going around Disney for a while. Most of you might know that Bill Tytla animated the sequence, but way back during production Peet was not too happy the way Tytla drew little Dumbo, somewhat off model. The word is that Peet drew over Tytla's rough keys to make the character look like he appears in his story drawings.
I'm not sure if this really happened, but I wouldn't be surprised. After all, Fred Moore re-drew some of Tytla's animation for Snow White's Grumpy.

A fantastic image from the film's opening sequence.





 An original cel combined with a studio prepared Courvoisier background. The kind of set up that Disney offered for sale.




Animator Milt Neil acts out frustration for a studio photographer, as he examines an exposure sheet for a scene with Timothy, the Mouse.

 


A fun article that was published in 1941to promote the film's release. The second page shows a photo of inker Phyllis Bounds, who happened to be Walt's wife Lilian's niece. Years later she would become Milt Kahl's second wife.





A Rhino inspires a Dragon

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Rocky, the rhino, is a character who was supposed to appear in Disney's Jungle Book. Story man Bill Peet added him to the film's cast, but Walt Disney didn't like Rocky and asked for his removal. Milt Kahl had already produced this terrific model sheet, the rhino was supposed to be voiced by actor Candy Candido (who previously had lent his voice to the Indian Chief in Peter Pan as well as one of the Goons in Sleeping Beauty.) 
Not all was lost though. Years later when the studio was looking for a new animated dragon, some of Rocky's facial components were borrowed for this new fantasy character, including the hairy ear tips.
Come to think of it, the horn might have worked on the dragon's design as well.






Cinderella Live Action Reference

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It's always fun to compare Disney live action photostats with the final result in the film. In this sequence from Cinderella the heroine was supervised by Marc Davis based on performances by Helene Stanley. Milt Kahl was responsible for the Fairy Godmother, whose scenes were played by an unknown actress to me.
Marc made Cinderella lean forward more, so she connects better visually with the business of being measured. Milt changed the way the Fairy Godmother bends down, which looks better graphically.
Helen Stanley's hair and costume is pretty much "on model", while the Fairy's outfit was much simplified for animation.





The following two images are about a couple of frames apart, but the live reference definitely influenced the animator.




More Wizard's Duel Sketches

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Here is a sheet with more of Bill Peet's ideas for the Wizard's Duel in The Sword in the Stone.
All drawn on notepad paper outside of the studio during a trip. Peet's mind at work as he searches for entertaining situations provided by all these different animals Merlin and Mim turn into.
My favorite is probably the sketch on the lower right showing Mim as a dragon tripping Merlin as a goat. It didn't make it into the film, but I love the staging.
I wished Peet had not quit Disney during Jungle Book, the picture that followed Sword in the Stone. He was just too valuable to the company...but he was butting heads with Walt, and that was it.
Years later Milt Kahl would leave the studio prematurely as well...these things weren't supposed to happen!




Much more on the Wizard's Duel in this previous post:

http://andreasdeja.blogspot.com/2012/05/wizards-duel.html

Bongo

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I have never been a big fan of Disney's film Bongo, which is a part of the 1947 feature film Fun and Fancy Free. (I remember Ward Kimball commenting: "Now, what kind of a title is THAT?")
The first part of the film's story seems ok, a circus bear running away in pursuit of freedom and adventures. But the second part is weird. After being smitten by a female bear called Lulubelle, Bongo runs into a bunch of other bears who show their affection toward each other by smacking the other one's face.
The film's backgrounds are beautiful, I wished I could say the same about the character animation. It is surprising to find out about the credits: Supervising animators were Ward Kimball, Les Clark and Fred Moore. Other names listed under character animation are Art Babbit and Marc Davis.
I have seen the film several times over the years, and to me the animation looks pedestrian for a Disney product. No scenes stand out as inspired or truly personality defining.




When I was a kid I had a Bongo storybook, and I loved the artwork in it. Still do. Most of the promotional material associated with the film is lovely, it's just that the movie itself falls a bit short.







Heinrich Kley and Fantasia

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It is no secret that the art of German Illustrator Heinrich Kley had a profound influence on Disney's Fantasia. Before the film went into full production, the head of the character model department, Joe Grant, showed Walt Disney newly published sketchbooks by the German artist. Walt was as exited as Joe about the potential for bringing elephants, alligators and hippos to life inspired by Kley's sensational drawings.




Kley's depiction of anthropomorphic animals is very realistic, yet entirely believable. If elephants could really ice scate or enjoy a day at the beach, it would look like this.
However in preparing models for animation some of the complex realism had to be compromised in order to give animators simplified forms and shapes which could be controlled 24 frames per second.
Disney artists enjoyed this assignment so much, the Dance of the Hours turned out to be one of the best things the studio has ever done - according to Ward Kimball. I couldn't agree more.




















This scan of a Kley original from a previous post falls into the Fantasia category:

http://andreasdeja.blogspot.com/2014/03/three-nudes-and-hippo.html


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